Gas distribution of eight cylinder motors of the straight type



June 16, 1931. J. A. H. BARKEU 1,809,923

GAS DISTRIBUTION OF EIGHT-CYLINDER MOTORS OF THE STRAIGHT TYPE Filed Nov. 16, 1925 Fiez. Pic-11 4 1 4 9o 1 2 s 4 8 8 c) 0 O 0 0 6 o o G ll Z Z a: R W

INVENTOR.

Patented June 16, 1931 UNITED STA JEAN A. H. BARKEIJ, OI LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA GAS DISTRIBUTION OF EIGHT CYLINDER MOTORS OF THE STRAIGHT TYPE Application filed November This invention relates to gas distribution systems for explosion engines and relates par-.

ticularly to straight 8 cylinders.

My primary object is to establish fuel economy by the use of 2 carburetors.

My secondary object is to arrange the manifolds so that the distances from the carburetor to the inlet valves of each group are the same as those for the other group.

My third object is to arrange the suction order so that the suction is progressive from the carburetor towards the ends of each group of four cylinders.

My fourth object is to arrange the suction orders so that the suction periods for each group of four cylinders overlap each other,

so that the gases in each manifold are never dead.

My fifth object is to combine the above men v tioned objects with an arrangement of crankpins, whereby the primary and secondary inertia forces are balanced. 1

My sixth object is to arrange the firlng orders so that the explosions never take place,

in two adjacent cylinders.

Realizing that the present invention may be embodied in straight 12 cylinder types, I desire that the disclosure herewith shall be considered as illustrative and not in the limiting sense.

Fig. 1 is an end view,'showing the arrangement of crankpins of a standard 8 cyl. shaft orankpins 1 and 4 and 2 and 3 are opposite each other in one plane, crankpins 6 and 7 and 5, 8 are opposite each other in another plane perpendicular to the first plane.

Fig; 2 shows the cylinders and valves, manlfolds and carburetors suited for the arrangement of orankpins shown in Fig. 1. In Fig.

4.0 1, 1, 2, 3 etc. are the cylinders, a' are the inlet valves, 5 are the exhaust valves, Z are the carburetors (Zenith carb.). Cylinders 1, 2, 3,

4 are connected to one manifold M and carburetor Z cylinders 5, 6, 7, 8 to the other manifold of the same form with manifold M and carburetor Z Fig. 3 shows the arrangement of orankpins as described and shown in my application 58,445, filed Sept. 24, 1925 and described in my application No. 711,446 f led May 6, 1924.

site 2 and 8 in another 16, 1925. Serial No. 69,431.

Crankpins 1 and 7 are opposite 3 and 5 in the same plane, orankpins 4 and 6 are oppoplane perpendicular to the first plane.

Fig. 4 shows the cylinders, manifolds and carburetors suited for the arrangement of orankpins shown in Fig. 3. In Fig. 3, 1-8 incl. are the cylinders, carburetor Z plus manifold M connects with the cylinders 1, 3, 5, 7 and carburetor Z plus manifold M connects with the cylinders 2, 4, 6, 8.

Fig. 5 shows the arrangement of orankpins as described and shown in my application N 0. 14,401 filed March 10, 1925 and in my application No. 46,679 filed July 28, 1925. I The orankpins 1 and 6 are opposite 2 and 5 in one plane, orankpins 3 and 8 are opposite 4 and 7 in another plane perpendicular to the first plane.

Fig. 6 shows cylinders, manifolds and carburetors suited for the arrangement of crankpins shown in Fig. 5. Carburetor Z and manifold M are connected with cylinders 1, 2, 5, 6 and carburetor Z and manifold M are connected with the cylinders 3, 8, 4, 7.

The side views of the crankshafts shown in end view in Figs. 1, 3, 5 are not shown, since the number of bearings is entirely irrelevant to the invention claimed in this application.

The principles set forth in this system of gas distribution are the following.

1. The intervals between the suction periods of the cylinders of one group should be equal.

2. The suction periods should overlap each other.

3. The suction periods connecting these two conditions should be in cylinders so situated in each group, that the manifolds for both groups have equal length in order to establish equal function for the both groups, which is an indispensable condition.

4. The suction periods should be so arranged for each group that the suction is progressive from the carburetor towards the ends-- of each group.

It appears that a six cylinder cannot meet conditions, two, three and four. It appears further, that only 2 arrangements as shown in Figs. 1-4 of the orankpins will allow a suction order, which will meet the four given condi-' tions. Considering the arrangement shown in Fig. 1, it is seen that the firing order 2, 6, 1, 5, 3, 7, 4, 8 will meet the given conditions. For the first group the suction order is 2, 1, 3, 4 with intervals of 180. Since the suction periods last approximately 225, the suction periods for this group overlap 45 and so for the group 6, 5, 7, 8. For both groups the innermost cylinders are filled always before the outermost. The cylinders further removed from the carburetor will benefit from the inertia which the gases have acquired during the inlet periods of the other cylinders in this end of the branch of this manifold. It is to be noted, that manifolds have substantially the same distances and the same suction order. The same conditionsobtain from a firing order 3, 6, 1, 8, 5, 4, 7, 2

compatible with the crankpin arrangement of Fig. 3. In Fig. 4 the manifolds and the suction order are substantially the same for both groups respectively 1, 3, 5, 7 and 2, 4, 6, 8.

The same conditions obtain from a firing order 2, 4, 1, 3, 5, 7, 6, 8 compatible with the crankpin arrangement of Fig. 5. Fig. 6 shows the parallelism between the two groups 1, 2, 5, 6 and 3, 4, 7, 8. Any other firing arrangements compatible with the crankpin arrangements shown will meet the conditions 1. 2, 3 mentioned before but not condition 4. The manifolding willalways have different length for each group, the suction cannot be progressive, the intervals cannot be equal, the overlapping is intermittent.

It appears, that the arrangement of crankpins which meet this set of conditions all create a small couple of the secondary inertia forces.

In a 12 cylinder arrangement equivalent to the one shown in Figs. 1 and 2, a group of cylinders 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 form one group equivalent to the left group of Fig. 2 and cylinders 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 12 form another group equivalent to the right group of Figs. 1 and 2. The crankpins 1 and 6 and 2 and 5, 3 and 4 have an angle of 120 with respect to each other and so the crankpins 7 and 12, 8 and 11, 9 and 10. 'A grouping equivalent to Figs. 3 and 4 forms one group of cylinders and crankpins 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and another group for crankpins and cylinders 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12. Crankpins 1 and 11, 3 and 9, 5 and 7 are at an angle of 120 with respect to each other and so are crankpins 2 and 12, 4 and 10, 6 and 8.

A grouping equivalent to Figs. 5 and 6 is as follows. Cylinders 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9 form one group, and crankpins 1 and 9, 2 and 8, 3 and 7 are at an angle of 120 with respect to each other and so are the group of crankpins 4, 5, 6, 10, 11,12 of which crankpins 4 and 12, 5 and 11, 6 and 10 are aligned.

If progressivity and overlapping of suction periods is abandoned any firing order will do and the manifolds still can have equal length'for the 8 cyl. and 12 cyl. straight type.

For progressive suction orders there are only 2 suction possibilities.

For equal intervals for each group of 4 cylinders, all suction orders will do.

I claim: I

1. The combination of an internal combustion engine having eight cylinders operating on the fourstroke cycle, said cylinders arranged in a straight line and numbered successively from 1 to 8, said cylinders divided in two groups so that cylinders 1 and 2, and 5 and 6 are in one group, cylinders 3 and 4, 7 and 8 in another group; said first group having suction periods which overlap each other, said second group also having overlapping suction periods; the four cylinders of each group connected with'a manifold having a single zone of distribution, one manifold having 'two branches from. said zone, one to the left to cylinders 1 and 2, the other to the right to cylinders 5 and 6; the other manifold having two branches from said single zone, one to the left to cylinders 3 and 4, the other to the right to cylinders 7 and 8; the distances from each zone to the respective cylinders of each group being substantially equal.

2. The combination in an internal combustion engine as described in claim 1, in which fuel mixing means are connected with the single inlet opening of each manifold.

3. The combination in an internal combustion engine of 8 cylinders arranged in a line and numbered successively from 1 to 8 inclusive operating on the fourstroke cycle, with a crankshaft having eight crankpins, said crankpins numbered successively from 1 to 8, inclusive, said crankpins so arranged that crankpins 1 and 6 are aligned and opposite the aligned crankpins 2 and 5 in the same plane, crankpins 3 and 8 aligned and opposite crankpins 4 and 7 in another plane, perpendicular to said first plane, said cylinders each provided with an inlet valve and an exhaust valve, each cylinder provided with a piston driven by a corresponding crankpin on said crankshaft, said valves so operated that said pistons and crankpins cause overlapping suction periods with equal intervals in the cylinders 1, 2, 5, and 6 and, also overlapping suction periods with similar intervals in the other group of cylinders 3 and 4, 7 and 8; the inlet valves of said first group of cylinders connected with a manifold having a single zone of distribution, said zone connected with a single inlet opening, said second group of four cylinders connected with a single zone of distribution equally connected with a single inlet opening in a conduit leading to said zone, the distances between said zones and respective cylinders of each group of four cylinders being substantially equal.

4. The combination of claim 3, in which group 1 including adjacent cylinders l and 2, group 2 including adjacent cylinders 3 and 4, group 3 including adjacent cylinders 5 and 6, group 4 including adjacent cylinders 7 and 8, said four groups of two adjacent cylinders divided in two groups of two pairs of adjacent cylinders, the cylinders of one group including four cylinders, two even-numbered and two uneven-numbered cylinders, the

other group including four cylinders, two

even-numbered and 1 two uneven-numbered cylinders; each grou of four cylinders connected with a mani old with two branches, each branch connected with two adjacent cylinders and with a single zone of distribution; a conduit having a single inlet openingleading to said zone of distribution, the distances from each zone of distributionffto the'respective cylinders of both groups beingsubstantially the same for the cylindersof.jboth,re spective groups of four cylindeirs. y;

7. The combination of cIaiI'hG-in which each inlet opening of each condu t said single zone of distributioni connected with a carburetor. v 1' 8. In an internal combustion engine having eight cylinders successively numbered 1 to 8 operating on a fourstroke cycle, divided in four groups of two adjacent cylinders, the combination of a crankpin arrangement and an inlet manifold system, composed of two manifolds, each having a single zone of distribution as follows; said crankpins, numbered successively 1 to 8, divided in four pairs of aligned crankpins, one pair of aligned crankpins opposite another pair in the same plane, a third pair' of crankpins opposite a fourth pair of crankpins in another plane, perpendicular to said first plane; said crankpins reciprocating pistons in said respectively numbered cylinders, said cylinders having each a single inlet valve, said respective valves of a group of four cylinders including two even-numbered and two uneven-numbered cylinders, forming two oups of two adjacent cylinders, having inlet periods which overlap each other with equal intervals, each group of said four cylinders connected with a manifold branching from the right and left to a single zone of distribution, and to the left connected to two adjacent cylinders and to the right connected to leading to two adjacent cylinders of said group of four cylinders i so that the distances from said single zones of distribution to their respecting cylinders of both groups of four cylinders are equal.

9. The combination of claim 8, in which said four groups of two adjacent cylinders, and four groups of two crankpins, are each composed of one even-numbered and one uneven-numbered crankpin and cylinder {said cylinders of each pairbeing adjacent, said two branches from said single zone of distribution in each manifold connected at their ends with the siamesed inlet valves of two pairs of adjacent cylinders.

10. The combination of claim 8, in which said four groups of two cylinders are further divided in two groups of four cylinders, each group composed of two pairs of adjacent cylinders, said two pairs of adjacent cylinders each connected with a single branch to a single zone of distribution of a single manifold each zone of each manifold con nected with a carburetor, said carburetors operated simultaneously.

11. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of 8 cylinders arranged in a straight line and numbered successively 1 to 8, operating on a fourstroke cycle with a crankshaft having eight crankpins, corresponding with pistons reciprocating in said cylnders, said crankpins 1 arranged in two groups of four crankp'n's; each group of four crankpins being in alp l'ane-perpendicular to the plane of the second group of four crankpins, said ar'rangement'resulting in overlapping suctionf'periods for the respective two groups of. four cylinders at equal intervals; four groups of two adjacent cylinders so arranged that two pairs of two adjacent cylinders, are connected with two branches to a single zone of distribution in a single manifold, having a single inlet leading to said single zone; the other group of two pairs of two adjacent cylinders, connected similarly by two branch ducts with a single zone of distribution in a single other manifold, the distances from said single zones of distribution in said two manifolds to the respective cylinders of both groups of four cylinders being substantially the same at least one of these two groups of 4 cylinders composed of two non-adjacent pairs of two adjacent cylinders.

12. The combination of claim 11, in which the two groups of four cylinders and four respective crankpins are so combined, that 13. In an internal combustion engine of the straight type, having 8 cylinders numbered successively operating on the fourstroke cycle, said cylinders divided in two groups of four cylinders, each group containing two even-numbered cylinders and two uneven-numbered cylinders, each group of two containing one even-numbered andone uneven-numbered cylinder, said one even-numbered cylinder and said one uneven-numbered cylinder being adjacent, said group of two adjacent cylinders being connected by a single branch conduit to a single zone of distribution, a second branch conduit from said same single zone' of distribution being connected with a second pair of adjacent cylinders containing also one evennumbered and one uneven-numbered cylinder; said two branch conduits, meeting in a single zone, having equal lengths so that the distances from said single zone of distribution to the four respective cylin- "ders of said respective group of four cylinders are equal; the other four cylinders, divided similarly in two groups of two adjacent cylinders, one being evennumbered the other uneven-numbered, said second group connected in the same way with two branch conduits to a single zone of distribution in a second manifold, the distances from said cylinders to the respective single zones of distribution in the respective manifolds being equal for all the cylinders, suction strokes overlapping approximately 225*180==45 in both groups of four cylinders.

14. The combination of claim 13, in which said four groups of two adjacent cylinders are further so arranged that cylinders 1 and 2, cylinders 5 and 6 are connected with one manifold, cylinders 3 and 4 and 7 and 8 with the other manifold, so that the distances from the individual cylinders to the respective single zones of distribution in said respective manifolds are substantially the same for all the cylinders of the entire engine, resulting in'equal distribution of the working medium.

15. The combination of claim 13, in which the cylinders of said engine correspond with the crankpins of a crankshaft located below said cylinders, said crankpins in said crankshaft also divided in four groups of two adjacent crankpins, one being even-numbere d, the other being uneven-numbered, sa1d soaeaa crankpins arranged further in two groups of four crankpins, two even-numbered and two uneven-numbered, one group of four crankpins located in one plane, the other group of four crankpins located in another plane, perpendicularly to said first plane, so that an even-numbered crankpin is aligned with one uneven-numbered crankpin, said crankpin arrangement resulting in overlapping suction periods for said respective cylinders of each group of four cylinders with equal intervals for each group, and so that said periods pverlap each other in each manifold for four cylinders, provided these suction periods exceed 180.

10. The combination of claim 1 in an engine, having a crankshaft with eight crankpins, said crankpins reciprocating respective pistons in said cylinders, said crankpins arranged in two planes perpendicular to each other, so that crankpins 1 and 6 are aligned opposite crankpins 2 and 5 aligned, and crankpins 3 and 8 aligned opposite crankpins 4 and 7, the suction periods, longer than 180, of adjacent cylinders 1 and 2, adjacent cylinders 3 and 4, adjacent cylinders 5 and 6, adjacent cylinders 7 and 8, overlapping each other.

17. The combination of claim 6 in an engine, having a crankshaft with eight crankd, and 5 and 6, and? and 8; so that the suction periods of said pairs of adjacent respective cylinders, being greater than 180, overlap for each respectlve pair of said cylinders, said crankpins further so arranged that the crankpins of each group of four crankpins, 1

composed of two pairs of adjacent crankpins, are so aligned that the highest and lowest numbered crankpins in each group form one pair of aligned crankpins and the other two crankpins form the other pair of aligned crankpins, diametrically opposite said first pair.

18. The combination of claim 8, in which said four pairs of crankpins, corresponding tosaid four pairs of cylinders, are so arranged that adjacent crankpins 1 and 2, and 3 and 4c, and 5 and 6, and 7 and 8 are diametrically opposite each other andso that two pairs of said adjacent crankpins are diametrically opposite each other in one plane, and the other two pairs of adjacent crankpins diametrically opposite each other in the other plane, perpendicular to said first lane; the suctlion periods of each pair 0 adjacent crankpins and cylinders, overlapping each other, when said suction periods are longer than 180, said crankpins further so arranged that the crankpins of each group of four crankpins, composed of two pairs of adjacent crankpins, are so aligned that the site to each other, said pairs of adjacent crankpins further arranged so that two pairs of adjacent crankpins are in one plane diametrically opposite each other so that they form two pairs of aligned crankpins opposite each other in the same plane,

the other two pairs of two adjacent crank pins similarly arranged in the other plane, perpendicular to said first plane, the corresponding suction periods of two adjacent cylinders 1, and 2, and 3, 4, and 5, 6, and/Z, 8 overlapping each other if these suction strokes are longer than 180, said crankpins further so arranged that the crankpins of each group of four crankpins composed of two palrs of adjacent crankpins, are so aligned that the highest and lowest numbered crankpins in each group form one pair of I aligned crankpins and the other two crankpins from the other pair of aligned crankpins, diametrically opposite said first pair. 20.- The combination of claim13, in which said pairs of two adjacent cylinders are cylinders l and 2, cylinders 3 and 4, cylinders 5 and 6, cylinders 7 and 8, said pairs of adjacent cylinders corresponding with similar pairs of two adjacent crankpins, said crankpins so arranged that adjacent crankpins 1 and '2 are opposite each other in the same plane, and also crankpins 3 and 4, crankpins 5 and 6, crankpins 7 and 8, said crankpins further so arranged that they are arranged in diametrically opposite pairs of aligned crankpins, two pairs in one plane, the other two pairs in another plane, perpendicular to said first plane; the suction strokes of each of said pairs of two adjacent cylinders overlapping each other, if their duration is longer than 180, s id crankpins further so arranged that t e crankpins of each group of four crankpins, composed of two pairs of adjacent crankpins, are so aligned that the highest and lowest numbered crankpins form in each group one pair of aligned crankpins and the other two crankpins form the other pair of aligned crankpins, diametrically opposite said first air; j

'21. The combination of an internal com bustion engine having 8 cylinders, operating on the fourstroke cycle said 8 cylinders arl ranged in a straight line and numbered successively 1 to 8, said cylinders divided into two groups so that-cylinders 1 and 2, 5 and 6 are in one group, cylinders 3 and 4:, 7 and 8 in another group, said first group having suction periods which overlap each other, said second group also having overlapping suction periods, the cylinders of each group connected with a manifold having a single zone of distribution; each manifold having an equal lengthed left and a right branch from said zone, the left manifold connected with cylinders 1, 2 and 5, 6 the right manifold connected with cylinders 3, 4 and 7, 8 the left branch of the left manifold connected with the siamesed inlet ports of cylinders 1 and 2, the right branch thereof connected with the siamesed inlet ports of cylinders 5 and 6, the right branch of the right manifold connected with the siamesed inlet ports of the cylinders 7 and 8, the left branch of this manifold connected with the siamesed inlet ports of cylinders 3 and 4, said manifolding combined with a crankpin arrangement capable of producing overlapping suction periods in said two groups of four cylinders; said crankpins so arranged that crankpins 1 and 6 are aligned opposite crankpins 2 and 5in one plane, and crankpins 3 and 8 aligned opposite crankpins 4 and 7 in a second plane, perpendicular to said first plane.

22. In an internal combustion en ine of the straight type, having eight cylind ers operating on the fourstroke cycle arranged in a line, and having a crankshaft with eight crankpins, which are arranged in crossform in four pairs of two aligned crankpins; two pairs of two aligned crankpins in one plane opposite each other, two pairs of two aligned crankpins opposite each other in another plane, perpendicular to said first plane; the outer crankpins and inner crankpins of each group of four cylinders being aligned said crankpin arrangement corresponding with a manifold arrangement, arranged as follows, one manifold having a single zone of distribution with two outlets to a left andright branch of equal length, the left branch connected with the siamesed inlet ports to a left pair of two adjacent cylinders, the right branch connected to a right pair of adjacent cylinders; a second manifold similarly having a single zone of distribution with two outlets to a left and right branch duct of equal length, the left branch connected with the siamesed inlet ports of a left group of two adjacent cylinders, the right branch duct connected to a right group of two adjacent cylinders, said two manifolds with said branches being substantially of equal length; said crankpin arrangement so corresponding to said. grouping of cylinders that the outer crankpins of each group of four crankpins correspond to the outer cylinders of each group of four cylinders and the inner crankpins similarly corresponding with the inner cylinders of said 6 rsoaeea rically opposite each other, being capable of producing overlapping suction periods in the respective cylinders of each group of four cylinders, which suction periods overlap each other in said respective zones of distribution in said manifolds, and also overlap each other in the siamesed inlet ports openings of said adjacent cylinders, said suction periods exceeding 180; each group 10 of four cylinders fed by a separate fuel mixing-means, said two means operated simultaneously.

23. In an internal combustion engine of the straight type with eight cylinders, operating on the fourstroke cycle, the relation between a duplicate inlet manifolding and a duplicate crankpin arrangement; said cylinders being arranged in four groups of two adjacent cylinders, each group of two adjacent cylinders having siamesed inlet ports; said four groups of two adjacent cylinders being divided in two groups of two pairs of two adjacent cylinders of which at least one group of four cylinders is composed of two non-adjacent pairs of two adjacent cylinders, the two pairs of each group connectedby two branches to a single zone of distribution in a single manifold connectedjwith a single carburetor, said carburetors operated simultaneously, said two manifolds with-said two branches and said single zonesfi'of distribution being substantially of equallength; said two groups of four cylinders, corresponding to two grou s of four crankpinsfatih group capable o producing suction-periods overlapping in each corresponding manifold in said single zone of distributionand in. said respective siamesed inlet openings-of two adjacent cylinders; each grouplof four crankpins being arranged in one plane, so that the outer crankpins corresponding to the outer cylinders of each group of four are aligned diametrically opposite the aligned crankpins of the inner two crankpins of the 4 corresponding inner two cylinders of each group; said arrangement resulting in said overlapping suction periods, if said periods are longer than each manifold fed by separate fuel mixing means, said two means operated simultaneously.

a J. A. H; BARKEIJ. 

